feat: replace Redis with PostgreSQL for caching, rate limiting, SMS codes, and token blacklist

- Add 4 PG entities: VerificationCode, RateLimitEntry, TokenBlacklistEntry, CacheEntry
- Add 4 services: VerificationService, RateLimitService, TokenBlacklistService, CacheService
- Add CleanupBackgroundService for periodic expired data cleanup
- Add MigrationHelper for safe schema migration without data loss
- Update AuthController: real SMS code generation, rate limiting, logout endpoint with JWT blacklist
- Update JwtProvider: add JTI claim for token revocation
- Update Program.cs: register new services, JWT blacklist validation, DB migration
- Remove StackExchange.Redis NuGet package and all Redis config references
- Update start-dev.bat: 6→5 services, remove Redis startup
- Update docs: remove Redis references from all documentation
- Fix: logout button spacing on profile page
- Fix: .gitignore data/→/data/ to not ignore Infrastructure/Data/

操作手册.md

@@ -34,16 +34,13 @@ D:\APP\start-dev.bat
   HealthManager 开发环境启动
 ==========================================
 
-[1/4] 启动 PostgreSQL...
+[1/3] 启动 PostgreSQL...
   PostgreSQL 已启动
 
-[2/4] 启动 Redis...
-  Redis 已启动
-
-[3/4] 启动 MinIO...
+[2/3] 启动 MinIO...
   MinIO 已启动
 
-[4/4] 启动后端 API...
+[3/3] 启动后端 API...
   后端 API 启动中 (http://localhost:5000)
   Swagger: http://localhost:5000/swagger
 
@@ -54,7 +51,6 @@ D:\APP\start-dev.bat
   Swagger:   http://localhost:5000/swagger
   MinIO:     http://localhost:9001
   PostgreSQL: localhost:5432
-  Redis:     localhost:6379
 ===========================================
 ```
 
@@ -105,9 +101,9 @@ VITE v8.x.x  ready in xxx ms
 ### 1.2 关闭系统
 
 1. 关闭三个命令行窗口（后端、患者前端、医生前端）
-2. PostgreSQL、Redis、MinIO 会继续在后台运行。如果想关闭它们：
+2. PostgreSQL、MinIO 会继续在后台运行。如果想关闭它们：
    - 打开任务管理器（Ctrl+Shift+Esc）
-   - 找到 `postgres.exe`、`redis-server.exe`、`minio.exe` 进程
+   - 找到 `postgres.exe`、`minio.exe` 进程
    - 分别结束任务
 
 ---
@@ -861,8 +857,6 @@ VITE v8.x.x  ready in xxx ms
 | 医生前端 | http://localhost:5174 |
 | MinIO 控制台 | http://localhost:9001 |
 | PostgreSQL | localhost:5432 |
-| Redis | localhost:6379 |
-
 ### 5.3 常见问题
 
 **Q：登录失败怎么办？**